Політичний дискурс та його дослідження у зарубіжному мовознавстві

Abstract

Introduction. Political discourse analysis is a field of discourse analysis which focuses on discourse in political forums (such as debates, speeches, and hearings) as the phenomenon of interest. Discourse originating in political institutions can be subdivided into genres that are instrumental in policy-making and thus produced by and addressed to politicians and genres that communicate, explain, and justify political decisions, produced by politicians and addressed to the general public . This article investigates the role of translation and interpreting in political discourse. Purpose of this article is to define and characterize the linguocultural features of the German language in the political discourse and its translation into Ukrainian. Methods. In this study, the following types of research methods were used: descriptive method (by which the use of a certain type of translation was justified), transformation method (using this method, various types of lexical and grammatical transformations (transduction, descriptive translation, tracing) were investigated), statistical method (consists in counting the corresponding linguocultural units by thematic groups and by means of translation of realities). Results. Public speaking is a special form of language activity in terms of direct communication, a language addressed to a specific audience, ie oratory. Oratory is characterized by a number of features that determine its essence (the presence of the reaction of the speaker's speech, oral form of communication, the relationship between literary language and its oral embodiment, the use of various means of communication). Three approaches to the study of political discourse have been explored (descriptive, critical, cognitive). Originality of this study is due to the increased attention of modern linguists and translators to the study of non-equivalent vocabulary and socio-political realities in the political discourse of the German language and the methods of their reproduction in Ukrainian. Conclusion. Political discourse is an essential component of sociocultural communication, the main features of which are interests, goals and the formation of public opinion, which is necessary for the author of political discourse. The functions of political discourse include: information dissemination, agenda setting, projection into the future and the past. The most important function of political discourse is considered the function of political propaganda, persuasion and influence.