КИТАЙСЬКА ДИПЛОМАТІЯ РЕСУРСІВ В АРКТИЦІ: НАСЛІДКИ ДЛЯ ГРЕНЛАНДІЇ

Abstract

Due to climate change, the expansion of trade routes, and the enormous potential of natural resources, the remote Arctic is becoming an arena for a new type of geopolitical competition. In this context, China, as one of the world leaders, is an important participant in the “race for the Arctic”, focusing on the resources under the cover of the permafrost. China’s polar initiative is based on strategic approaches to energy security and resource diversification. One of the key points on its resource map is Greenland, a Danish autonomous region with huge reserves of critical minerals. Sino-Greenlandic mining relations open up new opportunities for both sides, as allow China to meet its energy and raw material needs, and the Greenlandic government to develop its economy and infrastructure and thus reduce its own financial dependence on the Kingdom of Denmark. However, China’s initiative in Greenland also faces risks and challenges. The environmental impacts of natural resource extraction could negatively affect the region’s unique ecosystems and cause long-term environmental disruption. In addition, the implementation of China’s projects may harm the socio-cultural elements of the local population’s life. It is also worth noting that the Sino-Greenlandic raw material synergy can greatly affect the geopolitical dynamics of the polar region, changing the balance of power and causing new challenges for existing and dominant Arctic structures and actors, including China’s main rival, the United States. The competition between the People’s Republic of China and the United States of America could lead to escalation of tensions and conflicts in the Arctic, which requires careful monitoring and diplomatic efforts to ensure peace and stability. In order to successfully resolve the challenges faced by Chinese companies in Kalaallit Nunaat, it is necessary to develop guarantees for effective cooperation between the parties and take into account the interests of the local population, to carry out responsible resource extraction, and to implement a transparent and environmentally sound approach to mining and infrastructure projects.