РАДИОУГЛЕРОДНЫЕ АРГУМЕНТЫ АБАШЕВСКОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ СИНТАШТИНСКИХ ТРАДИЦИЙ БРОНЗОВОГО ВЕКА

Abstract

The article compares the chronology of some Bronze Age cultural traditions in the Volga river region and Southern Urals. The aim of the work is to test the hypothesis of oncoming migration flows of carriers of the Abashevo and Seima-Turbino traditions by determination of chronological positions for territorial groups based on the analysis of radiocarbon dates series. The groups were formed according to the cultural and territorial principle (Abashevo sites in the Volga and Ural regions, Sintashta sites in the Pre-Urals and Trans-Urals, Seima-Turbino sites in the Pre-Urals and Trans-Urals). A critical analysis and statistical verification of the reliability for the series were carried out. It made possible to abandon the use of some dates (outliers) and form intervals for all possible cases. As a result, an acute shortage of quality dating for the Pre-Urals Abashevo, Sintashta and Seima-Turbino traditions, as well as the need to check the available results for the distortion of the reservoir effect was noted. The latter was reliably diagnosed in a number of cases when the full study procedure was carried out. The earliest were the Abashevo materials of the Middle Volga and, apparently, the Seima-Turbino of Western Siberia (the last third of the 3rd millennium сal BC). Other groups form similar intervals (end of the 21st–18th centuries cal BC). This indirectly confirms the version of two oncoming migration flows, the Urals became the zone of contact and interaction of them. The first flow is the Abashevo movement from west to east and further to south and southeast, the second one is Seima-Turbino — from east to west. Archaeological traces of the interaction are well captured, but the chronological determination of the contacts and their duration requires an increase in all series sufficient for applying statistical procedures (with the exception of the Trans-Ural Sintashta series).