ВЛИЯНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫХ ОТРАСЛЕЙ НА УРОВЕНЬ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

Abstract

An integrated understanding of investment security as security (of the state, national economy, investors, enterprises and other interested parties) in investment relations is given, based on the concept of economic security. By ensuring the maintenance of the investment climate, investment security presupposes real guarantees for the protection of investments and investors, minimization of risks and threats, formation and maintenance of political and economic stability; loyal public opinion, stability of the institutional environment, including the totality of rights inherent in the circumstances under consideration, minimization of criminal manifestations, stability of the exchange rate and the corresponding legal regime. The concept of the quality of the technological structure of investments is given, improving the quality of which can strengthen economic security. The need to increase spending on applied scientific developments and the restoration of industrial science is substantiated. The results of the study show that to strengthen economic security it is necessary to increase the share of capital acquisitions of an innovative nature in the technological structure of investments. The article identifies and systematizes five stages of the algorithm for implementing investment projects with an innovative focus. The systematization of the stages, structure and composition of investment projects made it possible to identify the main sectors in which the main executors of Russian investment projects operate. Investment sectors include: science, design, mechanical engineering and construction. The construction sector is represented as the main structural element of all investment industries, as well as the main consumer of their financing, which determines and ensures the execution of budget investments, implementing capital-intensive capital works. A feature of the domestic construction sector, inherent in the Russian economy as a whole, is highlighted and explained - the presence of a significant and sometimes excessive number of intermediaries in intra-industry markets. It is concluded that in conditions of economic uncertainty, the instability of construction orders provokes market participants to minimize their resources, replacing them with a strategy of maximizing the involvement of subcontractors. At the same time, the intermediary segment of the construction market is dynamically and even creatively adapting to sectoral government pricing. This is how discrepancies arise between the volumes of state (municipal) property put into operation and the cost of consumed resources.