КОНСТРУИРОВАНИЕ И РАСЧЕТ ТРАКТОВ ПРИГИДРОУЗЛОВЫХ РЫБОХОДНО-НЕРЕСТОВЫХ КАНАЛОВ

Abstract

Purpose: development of recommendations for design and calculation procedure of the flow rate and geometric parameters of fish pass and spawning channels arranged at large river waterwork facilities. Materials and methods. The factual base for the proposed developments were survey materials for the existing Nikolaevsky and Konstantinovsky fish pass and spawning channels and design materials for the Bagaevsky fish pass and spawning channel under construction on the river Don. The development methodology was based on scientific methods of analysis and synthesis of information and technologies for the search design of fish breeding facilities. Results. The survey data of the operating fish pass and spawning canals at waterworks and the analysis of their design solutions made it possible to establish approaches to determining and the ranges of flow rate and geometric parameters, cross-sectional shapes of their tracts and fish recreation areas, as well as approaches to the choice of their layout and design solutions. Taking into account on the basis of the initial information, a general methodology for designing (substantiations, calculations and construction) fish pass and spawning canals and a method for their hydraulic calculation are proposed. When developing general and particular recommendations, known data on the biological features of anadromous-migratory behavior and the fish swimming ability were taken into account. The proposed developments are adapted to the conditions of the proposed layout and design solution of the Kochetovsky fish pass and spawning canal on the river Don. Conclusion. The survey materials of the existing fish pass and spawning canals, arranged at the Nikolaevsky and Konstantinovsky waterworks, as well as the results of the analysis of the design solution of the canal as part of the Bagaevsky waterworks under construction on the river Don. A methodological approach to the development of constructive solutions and methods for calculating the geometric parameters of the fish pass and-spawning channels tracts is proposed.