ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ СУЧАСНОГО СВІТОВОГО РИНКУ СКРАПЛЕНОГО ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗУ

Abstract

The article examines the peculiarities of the development of the world liquefied gas market in the conditions of global challenges of today. The historical prerequisites for the formation of the market are briefly presented, it is noted that the liquefied gas market has become an alternative to pipeline transport. Attention is drawn to the fact that in recent years, it is liquefied natural gas that occupies a leading role in the global energy balance. Attention was drawn to the fact that in the long term until 2040, the increase in LNG exports will primarily be due to supplies from the USA, the countries of the Middle East and Africa. Qatar and Australia have been the leading countries in the production of liquefied gas for a long time. The role of the USA as one of the largest exporters of liquefied gas at the current stage and the rapid growth of its share in the structure of exporting countries are highlighted. It is stated that Qatar and the USA are exporters whose supply geography has global differentiation, as for Australia – almost all Australian LNG goes to the Asian (India, China) and Asia-Pacific (Japan, South Korea, Taiwan) regions. Significant changes, mainly in the countries of the European Union, that the geography of American LNG exports underwent in 2022 after the start of full-scale military events in Ukraine were noted. The structure of natural gas imports by types of supplies was analyzed. It was established that the increase in import volumes is mainly due to LNG, the volume of which has increased by more than 3.5 times since the beginning of 2000. The dynamics of changes in the volumes of pipeline transport and LNG imports to European countries during 2017-2022 were analyzed. The main countries – importers, Japan, South Korea, China, the USA, India, Spain, Great Britain, Brazil, France, and Mexico – were identified. It is noted that the annual volumes of LNG import capacities of the three countries of the Asia-Pacific region (Japan, South Korea, and China) exceed the combined LNG import capacities of all other countries of the world by 1.7 times.