Оптимальні строки ізоляції бджолиних маток на період медозбору

Abstract

Goal. To find out the biological relationship between the state of the bee colony and the intensity of the use of the honey collection to reduce energy losses by bees in caring for the brood. Methods. Zootechnical – for selection of groups of analogues, the study of the development and productivity of bee families; mathematical and statistical – for assessment of the reliability of the obtained results. Biometric data processing was carried out on a PC using MS Excel software with built-in statistical functions. Results. The presence of a large number of sealed brood in a bee colony during the main honey collection always has a positive effect on its use, as it serves as a source of replenishment of the colony with young bees, maintains its strength, without requiring the significant expenditure of energy and fodder for maintenance. The absence or significant reduction of brood during long-term honey collection (25–30 days) only in the first 12–14 days increases the amount of honey collected by bees. Then the amount of honey decreases significantly due to the weakening of the bee colony, which, without being replenished with young bees, is unable to effectively use the second half of the honey collection. Isolation of bee queens for the period of honey collection for up to 20 days reduces energy losses by bees and increases the honey productivity of bee families. Conclusions. The optimal term of isolation of queen bees to reduce the loss of bees’ energy in brood care and increase honey productivity was 10 days before the start of honey collection. By creating a reserve of bees, it is possible to significantly increase honey productivity and pollination efficiency of entomophilous crops. The use of such a technological technique as the isolation of bee queens for the period of the honey collection makes it possible to increase the honey productivity of bee families.