Вплив добрив на мікрофлору ґрунту і ризофлори гірчиці

Abstract

Goal. To determine the influence of fertilizers on the species composition of the microflora of the soil under mustard. Methods. The sowing of mustard seeds was carried out in a cardboard container with an area of 142 cm2, which was filled with typical chernozem. Monitoring of indicators of soil was carried out twice: before sowing (indigenous microflora), and at the end of vegetation of mustard. Analysis of microflora of typical chernozem was performed by growing colonies of soil microorganisms on solid nutrient media by the method of cultivation. Results. After the cultivation of mustard in the variant without fertilization, the number of colonies was reduced to 75, in the variant with the native form of NPK — up to 88, in the variant with nanostructured forms of NPK — up to 79. They fixed a decrease in the number of bacteria colonies from 53 (dilution — 10–4) to 12 (dilution — 10–6) on GRM medium in the test sample of the soil before planting. The cultivation of mustard without fertilizer resulted in a reduction of colonies of bacteria to 20; 7; and 3 at dilution 10–4; 10–5; 10–6 accordingly. With fertilizers, the number of colonies after incubation was higher than without their use. The same trend was noted in the number of microorganisms. After incubation without fertilizer and nanostructured forms of NPK, the number of colonies of bacteria was decreased in 6 times at the dilution of 10–2, and incubation without the native form of NPK — in 5.4 times. Conclusions. The positive influence of nanostructured forms of NPK on the microflora of the soil is determined. They promote the preservation of beneficial microorganisms that form biocenosis of microorganisms in the root and near-root zones of plants, suppress pathogenic microflora, increase soil fertility as compared to the native form of fertilizers.