Психоаналитический случай как нарратив и текстовая репрезентация пациента

Abstract

In the article a special type (form) of clinical history – a psychoanalytic case is considered as a narrative genre that has developed in the discursive practice of psychoanalysis at the intersection of medicine and literature under the influence of S. Freud’s classical works. According to the narrative approach, author of the article discusses, how the narration is constructed within the framework of psychoanalytic cases; the functions of case-narratives are clarified. It is noted, that in practice these forms of narration serve as models for understanding and structuring the experience of dialogic interaction between the analyst and his patient (analysand). At the same time, a case narrative is a means of professional self-identification, self-presentation and positioning of a practicing specialist in his collegial environment, a way to maintain and strengthen a sense of belonging to the psychoanalytic community. Apart from this, a psychoanalytic theory also has a narrative basis, which is extremely heterogeneous. Behind any theoretical construct of classical psychoanalysis there are one key (basic) narrative and series of additional ones. These are not only clinical stories, but also myths, literary works, psychobiographies of outstanding personalities. In content, a psychoanalytic case is always an epistemological narrative, a story about self-knowledge and knowledge of each other; struc-turally, it is a double narrative that unites two stories correlated with each other: “raw” or primary, compiled from the words of the analysand and his / her relatives, and processed or secondary, formed as a result of the analysis and including the dynamics of the transformative psychotherapeutic relationships. It is also stressed, that a distinctive feature of the narration in the case is the use of embedded narratives, in particular, analysand’s dreams or fantasies. Two questions are discussed: what happens when analysand becomes the personage of his psychoanalyst, and how we can characterize the representation of patient’s personality in the text of a psychoanalytic case.