НАУКОВІ ПІДХОДИ ВИВЧЕННЯ ПСИХІЧНИХ СТАНІВ У ФАХОВІЙ ЛІТЕРАТУРІ

Abstract

Increased interest in the study of individual mental properties and the course of mental processes is associated with an increase in the frequency of negative mental states and even borderline neuropsychiatric disorders. According to many experts, the prevalence of such conditions in the world is from 20 to 40 percent of the population. Negative mental states significantly affect interpersonal relationships, increase conflict, are manifested in undesirable changes in behavior, including antisocial acts, and also cause deterioration or loss of work capacity. The obtained scientific results indicate that the common scientific views of various scientists regarding the problem of determining mental states is that their study and mechanisms are considered as a holistic phenomenon of the mental activity of an individual. Mental activity is carried out in connection with internal and external factors that determine it. On the one hand, these are individual psychological features of a person, and on the other hand, they are the result of a peculiar reflection and peculiarities of the conditions of professional activity. It is the subjective attitude to objective reality that determines the specificity of the course of mental processes and determines the mental states of a specialist in accordance with mental cognitive processes, properties and personality formations. The purpose of the article: to reveal scientific approaches to the study and interpretation of negative mental states, the peculiarities of its psychological characteristics and determinants in professional literature. Analysis of scientific sources shows that mental states depend on a certain unity and at the same time opposites. On the one hand, there is a significant influence of the external environment (activity in conditions of war, pandemic, social environment), and on the other, a subjective attitude to objective reality depending on individual psychological properties, mental cognitive processes, motivation, temperament, emotional volitional sphere, experience. Regarding the current special socio-psychological conditions and living conditions of entrepreneurs, most of them, according to surveys, experience negative mental states (fear of losing business, anxiety for relatives, depressive states and worries about the fate of the country). At the same time, about 30 percent in these harsh conditions have not lost their optimism, find ways for effective entrepreneurial activity, immerse themselves in work and enjoy it. The prospects of further research are that based on scientific approaches to the study of mental states in the scientific literature, the psychodiagnostic toolkit of their negative manifestations will be substantiated and a psychological program for the prevention and overcoming of negative mental states in entrepreneurs will be developed.