СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН, ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ТА ФІНАНСУВАННЯ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ

Abstract

In the conditions of social upheavals, natural disasters, man-made catastrophes, military actions, railway transport is the most effective helper of the economy, to meet social needs, due to its reliability. The need for investment in the railway industry is obvious. In 2021, for the first time, the state budget of Ukraine provided financial resources for rail transport, this money was planned to be used for the purchase of new passenger cars and the development of railway infrastructure for passenger transport. In the European Union, rail passenger transport is subsidized by the state, and the development of railway infrastructure is financed. In 2020, a new European Transport Development Strategy was adopted, which, opening new opportunities for domestic railways based on the existing European advantages of rail transport, also takes into account the high environmental friendliness of rail transport. By 2030, it was planned to double the volume of passenger rail traffic in all EU countries compared to 2019. And with the prospect of 2050, this figure was projected to increase threefold. Effective financing of railways could result in their ability to become the main mode of transport, as is the case in Europe today. Within the "contours of the new post-transition system" in the post-war reconstruction of infrastructure, including transport, is the search for and attraction of resources, the main sources may be long-term loans, to a lesser extent grants from Western countries, and financial assistance from international organizations, including UN.According to various estimates, Ukraine's GDP in 2022 will shrink by 35–50%, which could lead to the closure of production.Therefore, there is an understanding that in the coming years our economy will be subsidized, where for a certain period of time, the main investor will be the state.And the duration of the exit from the crisis will depend on what priorities will be determined. Since 2007, the European Union has switched to a single instrument of financial assistance – IPA (Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance), aimed at supporting reforms by providing financial and technical assistance. This tool can be used by both EU accession candidates and some candidates. The Rebuild Ukraine project is aimed at rebuilding Ukraine after the end of the war, as well as supporting the economy, effective state management, and integration into the European Union. Ukraine's obtaining the status of a candidate for joining the European Union opens up access to EU financial instruments and can become the basis for investments in our country.