Зміна поколінь у публічній службі: передумови та перспективи

Abstract

The article deals with the periods of formation of generations in the context of civil servants. The distribution of the number of civil servants by gender, age and categories of posts has been analyzed. The modern development of society is characterized by large-scale transformational processes that apply to all spheres of activity. Thus, key factors such as globalization, development of information and communication technologies, knowledge management and the need to support and regulate the diversification of content, forms, methods of training to ensure accessibility and equal opportunities, professional development of public servants create and dictate completely different requirements for training public service. It is clear that today, to ensure the effective reform of the public administration system, one of the important tasks is the formation of a new generation of employees.Public service reform aims to reset the essence of public administration and build a European society oriented towards society. A new civil servant is a person who thinks out of the box, who knows how to make non-standard decisions. The basis of such reform is the Law of Ukraine “On Civil Service” adopted in 2016, which aims to reduce the gender gap, protect the civil servant, the effectiveness of performance appraisal and more. The importance of the study is to take into account the characteristics of the generations of XYZ in the public service.This determines a paradigm shift in both teaching and learning due to the need to take into account the professional requirements of new generations of civil servants.Public service reform requires a fundamentally new class of professional and competent officials needed to realize the national interests of Ukraine as a democratic, social state with a developed market economy. This is also explained by the change of generations that occurs in public administration. After all, the development of Ukrainian society depends on the successful activation and integration of young people (representatives of Generation Z) into the sphere of public administration.The main task of the study is to confirm the hypothesis of the dependence of effective public service reform on effective interaction and cooperation of all generations of public servants. To solve this goal, the following tasks were set: to track the dynamics of changes in the number of civil servants in Ukraine, to analyze the composition of civil servants by gender and age and to predict changes in the age ratio in the number of civil servants in Ukraine by 2020. The tendencies of change of the share of civil servants under the age of 35 till 2020 are investigated. The main common and differentiated features of generations are systematized. The main directions and key guidelines for the activities of the state institution in which the employees of the new generation will work will be highlighted.The study allowed to establish that in the conditions of reform for the public service of Ukraine it is extremely important to change the vector of development of civil servants, their mobility and innovation, efficiency of response to the challenges of the state and society to provide quality services. Based on the analysis, in order to ensure the effective transformation of the structure of the public service of Ukraine, it is necessary to form effective mechanisms for cooperation between representatives of different generations, as this will contribute to the effectiveness, efficiency and effectiveness of the public service.Another important conclusion of the study is that the results of research show differences in the opinions of generations, which relate to the fact that technology helps or hinders the work, the older generations consider them an obstacle. While Generation X people consider technology to be a helper. Generation Z speaks of the benefits of technology. However, representatives of all three generations agree that the future lies in digital capabilities.Thus, in accordance with the main activities of the public authority, in which the new generation of employees will work, will be innovation-oriented. The key guidelines are the encouragement of creativity, freedom, non-standard approach to tasks. And the main motivation is the opportunity to work in important and interesting projects, for example, the creation of unique technologies to solve global problems, and so on.