Антропометафора в українській лінгвістичній термінології початку ХХ століття

Abstract

The research is connected with the ancient, yet relevant in all periods of the development of the Ukrainian scientific language model of term formation based on metaphorization, which correlates with the modern tendency of research of linguistic facts from the standpoint of anthropocentrism. The article typologizes and analyzes the anthropomorphic metaphor as a model of term formation in the linguistic terminology of the early twentieth century on the material of grammars, which balanced different approaches to making the linguistic terminology sound more scientific (works of I. S. Nechuy-Levytsky, E. Tymchenko, Ivan Ogienko). Groups of linguistic terms-atropometaphores based on various analogies with human life are established. In the analyzed grammars of the early twentieth century, of all the models of term formation, the anthropomorphic metaphor is not the most productive model. This is explained by the fact that the formed Ukrainian linguistic terminology of this period was primarily influenced by the tradition of using terms in older Galician grammars, for example, one of the nineteenth century, foreign terminological influences from Latin, Polish and Russian. Meanwhile, the formation of often authorial linguistic terms on the basis of metaphorization reflects the influence of the living vernacular in the linguistic terminology of the twentieth century, which corresponds to the strong purist tendency in the creation of Ukrainian terminology. Quantitatively, the most represented group of anthropometaphors in the linguistic terminology of the early twentieth century is the one that correlates with the processes and results of intellectual and physical-identifying human activity. The group that appears to be less represented is anthropometaphors, the keywords of which are words to denote the dynamic sphere of human life, formed on the basis of somatisms, metaphorization of the social fragment of the conceptual sphere “human” (by sex or kinship), anthropometaphors that are derived from human self-determination concepts. The model of creating linguistic terminology based on metaphorization, and in particular anthropometaphorization, rather than borrowing of terms, aimed to give linguistic terms explanatory power, realized in the semantic transparency of a particular special word. It was discovered that the necessity and expediency of a significant number of anthropometaphors in the linguistic terminology of grammars of the early twentieth century is fully explained by the transparency of this type of formations, which corresponded to the guidelines on intelligibility and accessibility of terms and their nationality of that time. That is the reason why the model of anthroponymic metaphorization fully complied with these guidelines.