Abstract
An analysis of ice conditions on the shipping routes in the northern part of the Caspian Sea is given. The thickness and concentration of sea ice on the routes in the winter seasons of 2011/2012, 2015/2016, and 2022/2023 are considered. The most severe ice conditions were observed in the winter season of 2011/2012. On the basis of satellite information, examples of the spread of stamukhas, which are the ice structures, dangerous for navigation, are given. Keywords: Caspian Sea, ice cover, shipping routes, thickness and concentration of sea ice, stamukhas
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