Новые биосинтетические имплантаты для хирургического лечения туберкулеза легких

Abstract

Experimental testing of biocompatible biodegradable highly porous pleural implants for the surgical treatment of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. Laboratory animals were implanted with a highly porous biorsorbable material based on polylactide and polycaprolactone. The morphological picture in implants and in local tissues was studied after intrapleural implantation at 7, 21, 54, 66 and 78 weeks, the animals were removed from the experiment by overdosing of drugs for anesthesia. As experimental animals, rabbits were used- mature females of the Chinchilla breed, age 1–1.5 years, body weight 3500–4300 g. When studying the morphological picture in the implants, good biocompatibility was observed during a long experiment, which was manifested by the absence of necrosis in the implants and surrounding tissues. In implants, a capsule is formed over time, starting from week 7, the processes of implant vascularization occur, which begin with the surface sections with the development of small capillary-type vessels, followed by the ingrowth of vessels into the thickness of implants and the formation of larger thin-walled sinusoidal vessels, as well as larger vessels (arteries and veins), in addition to capillaries. In the adjacent soft tissues (lung, pleura, soft tissues of the chest wall) in the first and second implantation periods, reactive changes are minimal. They manifest as focal fibrosis of muscle fibers, focal mononuclear infiltration in fibrous tissue in the first implantation period (7 weeks). And in the form of weakly expressed cellular infiltration in separate fields of vision in adjacent soft tissues in the second period. Upon further examination, no perifocal changes were observed in the third, fourth and fifth transplantation periods. Morphological changes were studied in the implant and adjacent tissues of the chest wall. It is proved that a highly porous pleural implant based on polylactide and polycaprolactone has good biocompatibility and bio-safety, is a promising material for general thoracic surgery and surgical treatment of destructive widespread pulmonary tuberculosis.