Обґрунтування критеріїв оцінки ефективності адаптивних технологій вирощування ентомокультур

Abstract

Goal. To justify the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of adaptive technologies for growing entomocultures, which take into account the qualitative indicators of insects, ecological, economic, and energy-economical indicators of the system and are based on the introduction of energy-efficient technological elements. Methods. The assessment of adaptive technologies for growing entomocultures in comparison with regulatory ones was carried out with the involvement of the method of current express analysis of their effectiveness and the method of ecological impact on the environment Life Cycle Assessment. Results. Four criteria for evaluating entomological production were formed, which made it possible to evaluate the efficiency of the functioning of technologies and equipment according to the main indicators, and the feasibility of their use was substantiated. The criterion for assessing the quality of insects took into account the target indicators that determined the degree of effectiveness of entomoculture. The economic criterion was based on the assessment of the type of microclimate system used to implement adaptive technologies. The criterion of energy efficiency of the system was evaluated according to three main components: standardized indicators of energy efficiency of products, indicators of energy efficiency of production processes, and indicators of energy saving implementation. Modern methodology of Life Cycle Assessment was used for the environmental assessment of adaptive technologies. Conclusions. The criteria for evaluating technologies for growing entomocultures are substantiated and recommended for use. The developed criteria were used to design adaptive technologies (on the example of the grain moth), which, compared to regulatory ones, made it possible to improve the quality indicators of insects by 20%, economic indicators — by 50%, energy efficiency — by 20%, environmental indicators — by 15%.