Изменение работоспособности стартерных аккумуляторных батарей при моделировании неисправностей

Abstract

One of the most common causes of vehicle failures in our country and abroad is battery failure. The main reason for this is a lack of information about changes in the technical condition of the battery, which makes battery faults (including low charge) sudden, causing social and economic damage. Informing the driver of the battery’s state of charge only partially solves the problem, as this parameter does not fully reflect the battery’s state of health. A solution to this problem could be a battery condition monitoring system based on real-time assessment of battery voltage variations. The purpose of this work is to establish the relationship between the battery voltage and the degree of battery performance in the simulation of characteristic faults. Analysis of publications has established that among the most common faults are decrease of charge, sulphation of plates, oxidation of pole terminals and short circuits. To obtain information about changes in battery parameters in the process of occurrence and development of faults simulation methods have been developed. Changes in battery performance due to ageing or faults can be estimated based on the voltage at its terminals under the influence of the load, which is the starter motor in full braking mode. The change of voltage under load for 5 seconds is determined for new batteries, batteries with running hours variation as well as for simulated discharging, oxidation of the terminals and sulphation of the plates. The serviceability of batteries is determined in two ways: by a tester using the battery current for calculations and computationally using the minimum voltage during the loading process. It was found that the state of heath of serviceable working and faulty batteries at the same voltage differs significantly, which can be used to identify the technical condition of starter batteries. The established relationships between the battery voltage and the state of heath in the physical simulation of characteristic faults have scientific novelty. Further research is aimed at developing an algorithm for on-line monitoring of batteries and manufacturing a prototype on-board device for its implementation.