ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ХЕЛАТНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ В ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИИ РОССИИ (АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР)

Abstract

Reduction of sown area in Russia by the end of the 2020s by 32.35%, including 63.82% of fodder crops, 26.52% of cereals and legumes, 14.85% of vegetables compared to 1990, had a negative impact on the volume of crop production in the country. In addition, the crop industry continues to be very costly, especially with irrigation, its technical equipment has more than halved, and the volume of fertilizer application is 2.6-2.9 times lower than in the European Union and the United States. Under these conditions, in order to increase food production and ensure the food security of the country, it is necessary to further increase the yield of agricultural crops without the use of costly technologies. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to substantiate the possibility of using chelated fertilizers in the cultivation of agricultural crops as a technological complex based on maximum resource and energy saving, environmental safety, and obtaining competitive products to solve the identified problem. The main research method was analytical. The analysis of the results of the study in numerous short-term experiments of about 30 types of chelate fertilizers with different properties, produced mainly by leading domestic firms, was carried out. The article provides an overview of the results of field experiments carried out in various natural and climatic zones of the European part of the Russian Federation - the regions of the Non-Black Earth Region, the forest-steppe, the dry steppe, in the Krasnodar Territory and the Crimea, in which the effect on the yield and quality of grain, fodder, industrial and vegetable crops was established. chelated fertilizers, revealed the mechanism of action and developed rational technologies for their application. It has been proven that the use of chelated fertilizers can increase crop yields, improve the quality of crop production without increasing the cost of the industry.