Термінологічна проблематика поняття ментальності у соціально-філософському дискурсі

Abstract

The main theoretical approaches to the social and philosophical analysis of the categories of "mentality" and "mentality" as a research object are considered. It is established that the concept of mentality acquires a meaningful and functional understanding only in the context of a certain theoretical model. In our view, the socio-philosophical level of methodology involves generalizing the provisions of philosophical, paradigmatic and dialectical approaches in the context of defining ideas, patterns and concepts. determining the theoretical and philosophical base of the study is important, namely the content of categories of single, special and general in accordance with the process of formulating mentality, the definition of the essential and special features of this process. We assume that the genesis of the development of the mentality of the individual, as a representative of a certain group, captures the characteristics of the mentality of the people, reflecting the specifics of a national character. Then mentality is a system of ideas and values that govern the behavior of an individual in the sociocultural realities of life. In the writings of scientists, it is interpreted specifically as a phenomenon caused by the vital activity of an ethnos in certain geographical, historical and cultural conditions. This approach allowed us to determine the structure of the mentality that reveals its essence and the mechanism of influence on the activity of the subject of the mentality. It is proved that the conscious elements of the mentality are closely connected with the sphere of the unconscious, which within ethnic groups does not fall within the sphere of their reflection and is not subject to rational comprehension and articulation. In our view, this system of images, which underlies the human conception of the world and its place, defines the actions and behavior of people, the way of human perception, thinking, evaluation, contributes to the establishment of a hierarchy of values through which a person reflects and understands the world. It is concluded that socio-philosophical analysis of the phenomenon of mentality requires the use of a conceptual apparatus, which describes different socio-cultural ideas of the individual in different categories. Subjective manifestations of the human psyche, which are interpreted as mentality or mentality, reflecting the social, economic, political, spiritual and moral aspects of social life, cannot be considered in one category, they must be analyzed as a multi-level formation.