Тактические особенности ликвидации пожаров в зданиях повышенной этажности

Abstract

PURPOSE. The problem of prompt and efficient fire suppression in high-rise buildings is getting more relevant in view of increase in the number of floors in residential buildings nowadays. The aim of the given work is to conduct an analytical review and identify the main features of extinguishing fires in high-rise buildings with the help of technical means delivering extinguishing agents to the height. METHODS. The authors used methods of mathematical statistics, systems analysis and expert assessments. FINDINGS. The analysis of fires in multi-storey residential buildings in the Russian Federation made it possible to reveal the trend towards increase in fires in such buildings over the past few years. Kitchen and living rooms are still the main source of ignition. And the problem of delivering extinguishing agents to the height remains relevant. Three scenarios of fires for different floors were simulated and schemes for delivering extinguishing agents with the help of mobile means of fire extinguishment were proposed. Fire-fighting equipment and its weight necessary for extinguishing fires were calculated. The probability of the injury rate growth due to increased load on firemen while extinguishing fires at these facilities was brought out. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. The outcomes of the research can be used when studying specifics of fire development in multi-storey residential buildings in order to further improve technical means of fire extinguishment. CONCLUSIONS. Developing and introducing “gentle” means for delivering extinguishing agents in enclosed spaces will allow minimizing damage from excessive water delivery onto fires, and improving ergonomic parameters of fire-fighting equipment will make it possible to speed up laying main and working lines and also to reduce the level of injuries among firefighters due to exhaustion.