Вплив строків сівби на надходження продукції кукурудзи цукрової (Zea Mays L. SSP. Saccharata Sturt.) в умовах Лісостепу України

Abstract

In order to meet the needs of the population in full-fledged food products, it is necessary to constantly expand the variety of vegetable crops. Among them, the important place belongs to the sweet corn. For calorie content it is a leader among vegetable cultures, has a high nutritional value and is characterized by dietary and therapeutic properties. An important feature of it is that commodity products are much less radionuclides and nitrates than any other culture that provides the production of environmentally friendly products. Traditionally, it is grown in the conveyor belt in the southern regions, because in spa areas it is always in high demand. In the Forest-Steppe zone, the cultivation of sweet corn for local use and the provision of processing industry raw materials is gaining increasing importance. Therefore, the study of the timing of sowing seeds for the continuous supply of population products and processing industry raw materials is an urgent issue. The purpose The purpose of the study was to analyze the laws of the passage of phenological phases of growth and development of plants, to study the biometric indices of hybrids of maize of sugar at different periods of seeding of seeds. Methods. The research was conducted in 2017-2018 on soddy-mediumpodzolic soils of the northern part of the Ukrainian forest-steppe in the NDPiP Fruit and Vegetable Garden NUBiP of Ukraine on the collection area of the vegetable-growing department. The studies studied the hybrids of Dutch breeding and the timing of seeding. Reliability of the three-way outcome with the rendering. The total area of the plot was 10 m2. The seeds were sown in May after 8 days with an intermediate row of 70 cm. The thickness of the rootstock stood at 50 thousand /ha. The records, observations and analyzes were conducted in accordance with generally accepted methods. To establish the relationship between the features, we calculated the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results and Discussion. As a result of the research, it was found that for all sowing times, the first weeds bloomed on plants of the Svetstar F1 hybrid - four to six days earlier than the control variant of the hybrid Spirit F1. In the hybrid Overlend F1, the flowering of the violet was marked one to three days later than the control. The flowering of the beginnings was marked three to five days later from the flowering of the vagabonds. The duration of the growing season (from stairs to technical maturity) in the studied hybrids, depending on the time of sowing was within 66 - 82 days. The shortest he was in the hybrid Svetstar F1 66 - 73 days. The hybrid Spirit F1 is 73-77 days. The longest - in the hybrid Overlend F1 - 77-82 days. With the reduction of the duration of the vegetative period of corn, the sweet content of the leaves per plant decreased by 0.5 - 1.3 pieces/plant. According to biometric measurements, varieties and hybrids of sweet corn have significantly differed in plant height. The most hybrid was the Svetstar F1 hybrid, the plant height of which was 157.1 - 169.8 sm, and the most tall hybrid of Overlend F1- 170.4-197.6 sm. The height of the fastening of the first start ranged from 32.6 sm to the Svetstar F1 hybrid to 71.2 sm in the hybrid Overlend F1. Conclusions and perspectives. Consequently, as a result of the research, it was found that for the sowing of seeds in early May, technical maturation in hybrids came through 73-82 days, and in the last decade of May - 66-78 days. The vegetative period in later periods of sowing decreased by 5-7 days in accordance with the hybrid.