О проблеме идентификации одноименных сел в отечественных документах XVI–XX вв. и инструментах ее изучения

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The historical cases of the existence of jointly accounted rural with the same names in settlements are considered, and the reasons that led to a change in the number of such rural areas are also revealed. The historically used methods of resolving the ambiguity of identifying rural settlements with the same names are analysed. It is shown that this was achieved by taking them into account among smaller accounting units, by indicating their locations relative to local objects of natural or anthropogenic origin as well as indicating their other specific features. It was found that the methods of identification of rural with the same names used in the materials compiled by various departments could be different. Identification could be provided by: grouping objects by accounting units, indicating their distinctive features and locations relative to local objects, as well as by forming unique names for rural settlements that were previously of the same name. Cases have been identified in which certain identification methods could be used. It is shown that this could depend on the department in which the documents and cartographic materials were compiled (secular or spiritual; metropolitan, provincial or county); on the circle of persons who compiled the documents (their profession and type of activity); on the form of existence of the materials (hand-written or printed); on the number of settlements simultaneously taken into account in them (several tens or several thousand); depending on the number of copies of documents (several units or whole copies) and other circumstances. Based on the performed analysis, recommendations have been developed for finding places to store information about rural settlements in problematic cases. The research was performed using the Big Data tool on the example of 8 rural settlements of the Ruzsky district that had the same names at different time intervals of the XVI–XX centuries. It is shown that the use of the Big Data tool makes it possible to carry out research in this direction. The results of the presented research may be in demand by specialists searching for information about rural settlements of the XVIII–XX centuries in historical sources, researching the history of the Ruzsky and adjacent counties, as well as working in the fields of the history of surveying and the history of cartography.