Abstract
The purpose of the study is to prove that polemics is a defining form of communication in the public discourse of the mid-19th century. It serves as a special marker of the era. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the semantics and usage of the lexeme "polemic" are the subject of analysis for the first time. The lexeme is missing from historical dictionaries devoted to the literary language of the 18th and 19th centuries, and therefore the results of the analysis fill a certain gap in lexicographic practice. As a result of the research, it was found that the original meaning changes significantly, moving from the religious sphere and theology to the socio-political one. In the article, the semantics of a word is revealed in contexts and supplemented taking into account compatibility with other units. It is established that as a form of communication, polemics turned out to be an important aspect of the ideological struggle between Slavophiles and Westerners and contributed to the crystallization of the views of both. The battlefield turned out to be mainly literary and critical articles in magazines and newspapers, since an open discussion on censorship grounds was impossible. Nevertheless, the veiled nature of the controversy did not prevent the identification of the author's views and his identification as a supporter of one or another ideological camp.
Published Version
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