Философское «поле» конфессионализации в России: русская религиозная философия XIX в. между «официальной» церковностью и политическими теологиями

Abstract

The article explores the history of Russian religious philosophy of the 19th century as a part of the history of Christianity in Russia. Such a point of view becomes possible if we analyze how Russian religious philosophers criticize the religious attitudes of the “official” Orthodox Church and secular worldview attitudes. Secular attitudes are considered in the article as “political theologies” that “continued” religion in a secular society by secular means and for secular purposes. Criticism of the “official” ecclesiality and political theologies allows us to say that Russian religious philosophers, starting from the 19th century, initiated a process that was structurally similar to the process of confessionalization in the Reformation era. Within the framework of the “hermeneutic wars” they defended their unique type of religiosity, which can be defined as “the religiosity of intellectuals”. It is through the prism of the confessionalization process that consideration of the history of Russian religious philosophy as part of the history of Christianity in Russia becomes possible; confessionalization is associated with religious conversion, which is common to most Russian religious philosophers. It is concluded that the legitimation of one's own religiosity as genuine is the main goal of Russian religious philosophers, and they use philosophy as a means for this legitimation. This legitimation is proposed to be understood as a perlocutionary aspect of Russian religious philosophy, if we consider it according to the approach of the Cambridge School of Intellectual History. Criticism, in the course of which Russian religious philosophers developed confessionalization activities, substantiating the inauthenticity of both “official” ecclesiality and political theologies, is proposed to be considered an illocutionary, warning aspect of Russian religious philosophy.