Тенденції зміни строків сівби пшениці м’якої озимої (Triticum aestivum L.) у південній частині Правобережного Лісостепу України за трансформації клімату

Abstract

The purpose. To study trends in change of time of sowing of winter wheat at climate change and use of innovative grades with selection of the best of them. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. For the first time in South part of Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine trends in change of time of sowing of winter wheat are studied at aridization of climatic conditions, global warming and use of modern grades and nano-technologies. In 1950-s the best terms were on August, 25, in 1970-s — 10, in 1980-s — 10–15, in completing decade — on September, 20. In the last years they observed drought, and significant extension of time of autumn vegetation of plants. It brings in essential updating time of sowing. For years of present century winter wheat forms the highest productivity at sowing on September, 30. In 1950-s winter crops, sown before optimum time, formed productivity above, than sown later, and since 1980th late sowings of winter wheat were more productive. The probability of deriving high productivity at early sowing makes 6%, at admissible early — 24, at optimum — 61, at late — 9%. Distinctive features of adaptive response to time of sowing of different genotypes are determined. Conclusions. The trend is determined in shift of time of sowing of winter wheat aside more later in comparison with time of sowing in 1950-s for 30 days, in 1970-s — 20, in 1980-s — 15–20, in 1990-s - for 10 days. Nowadays optimum time of sowing of winter wheat is September, 30, and it is largely depends on genotype.