АДАПТИВНА СИСТЕМА ОСНОВНОГО ОБРОБІТКУ ГРУНТУ ПІД ГІРЧИЦЮ БІЛУ (SINAPIS ALBA)

Abstract

The research results of influence of the continuous application of the various systems of primary tillage and fertilization on the productivity of mustard white (Sinapis alba) were presented. It was found that the highest yield of white mustard seeds (1.89 t/ha) on the background of N60P60K60 fertilizers was formed under moldboard plowing. Against the background of organic and mineral fertilization (predecessor residues and application of N30P30K30), the highest seed yield (1.90 t/ha) was provided by the moldboard plowing. The use of traditional fertilizer of N60P60K60 for white mustard compared to the combination of crop residues and N30P30K30 fertilizers was economically unprofitable. It is established that against the background of organic and mineral fertilization compared to mineral, the thinning of white mustard crops under minimal nonmoldboard cultivation reached almost 40–50 %. In general, the density of mustard plants on the background of organic and mineral fertilization was 1.5–1.55 mln plants/ha, and on the mineral – 1.65–1.7 mln plants/ha, i.e. on average it was lower by 10 %. Analysis of the economic efficiency of growing white mustard showed that the subsurface tillage on the background of organic and mineral fertilization (predecessor residues and the application of N30P30K30) can be considered as the most promising and adapted to current weather conditions. The profitability of white mustard seed production was 263 %; almost such indicators of profitability were noted under chisel tillage – 259 %. It was found that the introduction of any subsurface tillage for white mustard on the background of organic and mineral fertilization is more profitable. Key words: white mustard, yield, tillage, fertilizers, soil.