Обнаружение особо опасных вирусных болезней рыб семейства лососёвых (Salmo salar) с применением полимеразной цепной реакции

Abstract

Significant economic damage to aquaculture facilities and marine aquatic organisms is caused by viral diseases of fish, almost a quarter of the detected viruses cause diseases. Pathogens mainly fall during the transportation of infected fish from disadvantaged farms to "clean" aquatic farms, as well as from "escaped" fish from cages to the sea, where contamination of natural salmon and other aquatic organisms occurs. When delivering fish planting material to Russia from countries with different epizootological situations, constant monitoring and forecasting of possible risks is necessary. To prevent the spread of viral infections of fish, diagnostics and prevention occupy a leading place. Laboratory diagnostics of fish diseases of viral etiology is based on the isolation of the pathogen and its identification by serological methods that require a long time and research in specialized specialized laboratories of large research institutes. More effective and highly sensitive are molecular diagnostic methods, in particular, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with reverse transcription to detect a number of particularly dangerous viral diseases of fish. Infectious necrosis of hematopoietic tissue, infectious pancreatic necrosis, viral hemorrhagic septicemia and infectious anemia of salmon were identified by highly specific and sensitive diagnostic PCR method. The improved technique of PCR with reverse transcription makes it possible to detect pathogens in salmon and other fish both with obvious clinical signs and with hidden virus carrier.