НА ЗАРЕ ГЕОКРИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ИЗУЧЕНИЯ АРКТИЧЕСКИХ РАЙОНОВ ЯКУТИИ: ЭКСПЕДИЦИЯ No 1 ИНМЕРО (1952–1953 ГГ.)

Abstract

Presents a historical analysis of the research activities of the members of the Expedition No. 1, which was organized by the Obruchev Permafrost Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Moscow) in the Arctic regions of Yakutia in 1952– 1953. This expedition turned out to be the first large-scale geocryological initiative implemented in the named region. In this regard, mainly on the basis of the revealed archival materials, including those introduced by the author for the first time into scientific circulation, a characteristic of the personal composition of the research participants is presented. The geography of the work carried out has been established, covering the previously poorly geocryologically studied Yano- Indigirsky interfluve, the coast of the Laptev Sea and the Bolshoi Lyakhovsky Island, the main routes made by scientists are shown. The key directions of scientific search for permafrost scientists have been identified. The significance of the research carried out for the replenishment of knowledge about the permafrost in the Arctic regions of Yakutia and, in general, the development of geocryological science has been determined. In this regard, plots are presented that characterize the specifics of the geocryological surveys, as well as the improvement of the methodological arsenal of permafrost research in the region. At the same time, it was noted that the work of the members of Expedition No. 1 made it possible to determine a number of the most important features of cryogenic processes and the extent of the spread of permafrost in the Arctic Yakutia, to establish the thickness of the permafrost and its temperature parameters at different depths. In addition, it was found that during the survey a number of important practical results were obtained, including the identification of the composition of permafrost and the depth of the seasonally thawed layer, necessary to optimize the process of transport and industrial development of the region.