Abstract
The paper considers the characteristics of the gametes, habitats and spawning conditions of sturgeon, which are important for improving the biotechnology of their artificial reproduction. Based on the native data and literature, there have been analyzed the limits of variation of micropyle of ship sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris Lovetsky, 1828) and some other species, 
 as well as the features of the micropylar complex. The material for the study conducted in 2018-2019 served the ovulated eggs and caviar from the broodstock of the second-third generation of ship sturgeon, which contained in the conditions of the State Regional Centre for Sturgeon Gene Pool Conservation “Kubanbioresursi”. Ship sturgeon has been found to have the largest average number of micropyles among low-chromosomal species. In the main sample, the number of micropyles varied from 2 to 41, with an average value of 11.09 ± 0.24 and a concentration of indicators from 2 to 19 (94%). The location peculiarity and a slight variation in the number of micropyles in one female species of ship sturgeon have been revealed, as well as the different shape of a micropylar complex, as opposed to the similar shapes in other sturgeon species: ship sturgeon has not the funnel-shaped micropylar complex, but the bowl-shaped one. The ship sturgeon spawns under conditions of high water speed and a micropylar bowl, the diameter of which exceeds 2-3 times the diameter of the funnel and increases the collection area of the highly diluted seminal fluid. From a practical point of view, studying these features is important for improving the biotechnology of artificial insemination of roe of rare species in conditions of almost complete absence of natural reproduction in natural conditions.
Highlights
The paper considers the characteristics of the gametes, habitats and spawning conditions of sturgeon, which are important for improving the biotechnology of their artificial reproduction
Based on the native data and literature, there have been analyzed the limits of variation of micropyle of ship sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris Lovetsky, 1828) and some other species, as well as the features of the micropylar complex
The material for the study conducted in 2018-2019 served the ovulated eggs and caviar from the broodstock of the second-third generation of ship sturgeon, which contained in the conditions of the State Regional Centre for Sturgeon Gene Pool Conservation “Kubanbioresursi”
Summary
Для совершенствования биотехнологии искусственного воспроизводства осетровых необходимо изучение особенностей их половых продуктов, мест обитания и условий нереста. На основании собственных данных и литературных источников проанализированы пределы вариации микропиле шипа (Acipenser nudiventris Lovetsky, 1828) и некоторых других видов, а также особенности микропилярного комплекса. Установлено, что среди малохромосомных видов у шипа наибольшее среднее количество микропиле. Отмечена особенность расположения и незначительная вариация числа микропиле у одной самки, а также отличие формы микропилярного комплекса шипа от аналогичных у других осетровых: у шипа она представляет собой не «воронку», а «чашу». С практической точки зрения исследование этих особенностей важно для совершенствования биотехнологии искусственного осеменения икры редких видов в условиях практически полного отсутствия естественного размножения в природных условиях. Введение Шип (A. nudiventris Lovetsky, 1828) – один из самых малоизученных и малочисленных видов осетровых рыб в семействе Acipenseridae. У икринок шипа следующие особенности: поверхность хориона покрыта мелкими бугорками и отверстия канальцев на ней незаметны [1]. Дебус изучали микропиле с целью оценки возможности идентификации различных видов осетровых (популяции) по числу и морфологии микропиле
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