ОЦІННІСТЬ ЯК ЛІНГВІСТИЧНА КАТЕГОРІЯ: ВЕРБАЛЬНА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ І СТИЛІСТИЧНА ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЯ

Abstract

The article clarifies the functional and stylistic parameters of evaluation as a linguistic category, which covers different levels of language units with evaluative semantics and conveys the positive or negative attitude of the speaker to the named subject, phenomenon, concept. Positive or negative semantic scale of evaluation is formed in accordance with certain social, national-cultural, moral values. Logical (rational) and emotional (irrational) assessment in the text interact. Logical evaluation is motivated by objective thoughts, and emotional – the feelings of the subject to the object (person, object, phenomenon, event, etc.). Units of logical evaluation are words and phrases with positive and negative semantics from the intellectual sphere of linguistic thinking, and units of emotional – expressive-connotative linguistic means. Evaluation is done through the use of language units registered in dictionaries or in the memory of native speakers in terms of their values: good and evil, truth and falsehood, justice and injustice, benefit and harm, beauty and ugliness, allowed and forbidden. Evaluative semantics is revealed in the appropriate contextual conditions, in particular in updating the structure and semantics of components, stylistic marking of syntactic units. The combination of logical and emotional assessment allows closely related to the communication situation pragmatic evaluation of the text as a whole, in particular verbal acts of approval, encouragement, commitment (plus on the scale) or vice versa condemnation, contempt (minus on the scale), which are based on a common fund knowledge and norms of interlocutors. The stylistic potential of evaluation in the text is revealed on lexical, phraseological, syntactic levels. Texts differ in style and content differ in the way they express verbal axiology.