АДАПТАЦИОННЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПЕРВОКУРСНИКОВ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ В ВУЗЕ

Abstract

The results of the study of the cardiovascular system adaptation of freshmen students at the university which are presented in the article reflect the peculiarities of adaptation of girls and young men of Russian and Altai nationality to the university in 2017 and 2018. The study of the features of adaptation of the cardiovascular system was carried out taking into account sex, nationality, vegetative status and type of circulation. 160 students were examined. Girls and young men of Altai nationality lived in the regions of the highlands and middle-mountain of the Republic of Altai before entering Gorno-Altai State University, which is located in the low-mountain region. Altai students had to adapt at the beginning of their studies not only to the educational process of the university, but also to the new climatic conditions. The Russians who lived in the conditions of the low-mountain region had to adapt only to the educational process of the university. During the initial period of study at the university a number of factors influence on the body of students, which can lead to tension of adaptation mechanisms and cause health disorders. The results of the study made it possible to establish that taking into account the vegetative status of the subjects the assessment of the adaptation of the cardiovascular system is quite informative and can reveal the tension of the adaptation mechanisms. Most students showed increased activity of sympathetic regulation of vegetative functions – sympathicotonia (60–69 %), balance of influences of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems – eitonia, was observed in 12–40 % students, dominance of parasympathetic regulation – vagotonia was noted in 16.6–20.6 % students. Analysis of adaptation potential taking into account vegetative status and circulatory type revealed that adaptation was satisfactory in the majority of cases, but in Russian young men with vegetative eitonium status and eukinetic circulatory type there was tension in mechanisms of cardiovascular adaptation (2.11 and higher), which indicates increased mobilization of resource opportunities with high probability of their subsequent depletion. According to some researchers, young men are more likely to have a strain on adaptation mechanisms than the girls. The stress of adaptation mechanisms can lead to a decrease in the health level and, as a result, the development of diseases, so in individuals, with an index of functional changes exceeding 2.11 points, should be considered as a risk group. The studies carried out will allow to organize educational work in the university aimed at preserving and improving the health of students, taking into account the peculiarities of their adaptation.