Abstract
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is one of the most frequent diseases in pediatric urology studied since the 19th century. It has an increased risk of infection of the urinary tract, sclerosis of the renal parenchyma and development of reflux-nephropathy with an outcome in renal failure. Several treatment options have been developed for patients with VUR. For 50 years, open ureteral reimplantation has been considered the «gold standard» of treatment, but over the past 20 years there has been a shift towards less invasive methods, primarily endoscopic administration of bulking agents. In order to increase the effectiveness of endoscopic treatment, several basic recommendations for the operation have been identified and many volume-forming drugs have been developed. The most important is the correct choice of one of the three main methods of drug administration and the hydrodilation of the ureteral orifice during injection. Performing of endoscopic correction in compliance with all the rules and the use of the latest generation of bulking agents ensure the frequency of elimination of VUR up to 90% after the first injection.
Published Version
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