ПОНЯТТЯ ПОЛІТИЧНОГО ТАЙОГО КОНСТИТУЮВАННЯ ЧЕРЕЗ БІНАРНИЙ ДУАЛІЗМ «ДРУГА\ВОРОГА»

Abstract

This scientific article analyzes the emergence of the concept of political through the «friend/enemy» dichotomy from the standpoint of K. Schmitt’s thoughts. The main scientific problem that the authors solve in this article is the determination of the substantive characteristics of the concept of political through the prism of distinguishing the conceptual binary of enemy and friend, in particular: functional, intensification, existential, imperative and integrative dichotomy. Only by considering these features in common and synthesis can we talk about the concept of the political in its entire scope and highlight its specificity and regularities. The results of the study are the understanding of the Political as a metaconstruct of the political system, the functioning of which is possible only due to the constituent of the categorical apparatus, autonomous from the economic, national, cultural, etc. spheres, through the postulation of the immanent dualism of friend and enemy; determination of its basic characteristics. Likewise, this scientific publication intellectually prepared the conceptual concepts of war and the enemy, which complement the formation of the Political. War is seen as a potential possibility of existential and physical destruction, the enemy as a collective structure, the confrontation with which translates the community into the context of political functioning. The enemy, in turn, has its own characteristics (publicity and situationality) and is understood in the existential semantics of someone who essentially opposes and has a possible threat of destroying another collective identity (friends), primarily to which we belong ourselves. A definition of political existentialism was also given, as an understanding of one’s collective identity as a friend or enemy in relation to another political structure and the physical possibility of destroying the latter for the possibility of transgression to political existence.