ДАТИРОВАНИЕ ОСНОВАНИЯ ПЕРВЫХ ЗАВОДОВ НА УРАЛЕ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПРОТОИНДУСТРИАЛИЗАЦИИ

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to determine the dating criterion for the founding of the Ural cities that arose on the site of the first metallurgical plants in the proto-industrial period. Traditional approaches used in domestic urban studies to determine the birth date of chronicle cities are not applicable to dating industrial settlements. The scientific novelty lies in the argumentation of the dating of metallurgical plants in proto-industrial society. The research uses an integrated approach, which is based on written sources and draws on archaeological and cartographic materials. The author analyzed the early history of the factories that became the cities of Nizhny Tagil, Nevyansk, and Kamensk-Uralsky, noting the ambiguity of approaches when dating mining settlements. Often, the starting point is the appearance of a village at the site of the plant’s construction, the decree on the start of construction, the actual start of construction of the plant and the first smelting of metal. Often, the starting point is the appearance of a village at the site of the plant’s construction, the decree on the start of construction, the actual start of construction of the plant and the first smelting of metal. Some of these approaches have already been discussed during the debate about the founding date of Ekaterinburg, resulted in the decision to consider the birth of the plant and the city from the moment of the first smelting of metal. The author, too, shares this conclusion. At the same time, if we date according to the first factory melt, then it may be necessary to adjust the founding date of Nizhny Tagil from 1723 to 1715 and Kamensk-Uralsky from 1701 to 1700. Certain doubt remains about the founding date of Nevyansk in 1701, if the remains of the Fedkovo plant are found. In a specific historical perspective, the main criterion for the adaptation of new technologies in the region is considered to be the production of finished products in the city-forming industry of that time. This approach allows determining a universal dating criterion for most factories that arose in the pro-industrial era.