Пушкин в историософском споре Ивана Аксакова и Владимира Соловьева

Abstract

The article compares the approaches of I. Aksakov and Vl. Solovyov to comprehend the phenomenon of Pushkin's creativity in the process of the formation of national identity. The statement of the problem is connected with the need to clarify the question of the genesis of the concept of national self-denial by Vl. Solovyov, opposed to the Slavophile idea of national self-consciousness, which he mistakenly associated with national “exclusivity”, nationalism. The starting point of the historiosophical dispute between Aksakov and Solovyov was the Pushkin celebrations of 1880 and Dostoevsky's speech, which Aksakov perceived as a “triumph” of Slavophilism, and Solovyov as a defeat of the Slavophile idea in favor of joining world Christian history. At the same time, the central argument for the historical beneficence of “national self-denial” for Solovyov is two iconic figures of Russian history: Pushkin and Peter I. It is noted that the attitude of I. Aksakov and Vl. Solovyov to Pushkin evolved in a peculiar way and had both points of irreconcilable divergence and intersection. It is proved that the late Solovyov, developing the foundations of his “moral philosophy”, considering the phenomenon of Pushkin's creativity from a moral and aesthetic position, came closest to Aksakov's idea of Pushkin's place in the historical and cultural process of national self-consciousness.