Статус языковой личности: принципы и инструменты конституирования идиоэтнической принадлежности

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The article offers a comparative description of features which characterize the speech of native and non-native Russian speakers. The authors analyze typical mistakes considering both the degree of deviation from codified language variant and the nature of the impact of another language system. Besides, they look at the level of language skills. The special attention is given the description of the stages of authorship study as a system way of determining of the language personality and its lingua-cultural features. By analyzing the corpus of texts written by native speakers of seven languages, the authors show a number of signs that indicate non-native Russian speaker. Data shows that looking for patterns is associated with typological features of Russian language system and at the same time is based on comparative analysis of two different language systems which are actualized in author’s consciousness. The principles of characterization of categorical nature of typical mistakes which are to be in the written speech of non-native Russian speaker and language interference allow to identify the relation between the individuality of the text and ethno-socio-cultural environment. It is proved that the regularities peculiar to unusual language competence characterize it as a structure that adopts genetical relations and synchronic differences of the languages and also reflects the process of formation of the competence in natural or educational environment.