일제 말기 '국민징용령'에 따른 조선인 노무동원의 시기와 실태

Abstract

This article is an empirical review of the way Koreans were forcibly mobilized by issuing a conscription order during the Asia-Pacific War. In the meantime, the labor mobilization of Koreans following the issuance of the draft ordinance has been largely recognized as the Cabinet decision on August 8, 1944, and the application of general labor after September. According to the 1939 Labor Mobilization Plan, the “collective transfer” of Koreans was implemented in a way of recruitment, government arrangement, and recruitment. And each mobilization method was changed according to the policy judgment of the Japanese government’s cabinet decision. Recruitment in 1939, government mediation in 1942, and conscription in 1944 were all the results of such policy decisions. National draft was enacted in July 1939 under the enactment of the “National Service Draft Ordinance” and was implemented on October 1 of the same year in Joseon. However, it is recognized in existing studies that it was first invoked in 1944 after hesitating to invoke it out of fear of “national resistance” to the invocation of the conscription decree. This perception was almost uncritically accepted. There was no review of the reason for the delay until 1944. Can the gap from the enforcement of October 1, 1939 to the Cabinet decision of August 8, 1944 be explained by ‘national resistance’? The Japanese government was cautious from the beginning of the enactment, fearing that the invocation of the draft ordinance would disrupt the economy and bring about public resistance. Then, as the war situation worsened, the government strengthened the strong relocation of labor by expanding the target and clarifying the nationality. 1944 was the year when the largest expansion of private businesses was made to expand military supplies. On the other hand, the number of workers plunged to one-third of the previous year due to the provision of troops. Against this background, the Korean people’s invocation of the requisition order was necessary for strong labor relocation. This is the background of the 1944 announcement, known as “national resistance.” In addition, the invocation of the requisition order was already in effect before that, overshadowing the explanation that it was in accordance with the Cabinet decision on August 8, 1944. In fact, the Cabinet’s decision was nothing more than a policy decision that tolerated the reality that the draft ordinance had no choice but to be widely applied to relocate labor to a vast private workplace.