Кормова продуктивність люцерно-злакових агроценозів з різними злаковими компонентами

Abstract

Goal. To select the best perennial grasses for lucerne-cereal mixtures on different agricultural backgrounds to increase their productive longevity to produce high-quality grass fodder. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical, computational and comparative. Results. The results are given of research (2019–2021) in the formation of forage productivity of lucerne, lucerne-cereal with various cereal components and cereal forage agro phytocoenoses on different backgrounds of fertilizers and liming on dark gray podzolic soils. The best forage agro phytocoenoses, change of their productivity under the influence of fertilizers and liming, distribution of yield on hay crops and features of increase of productivity at the formation of a crop of biomass in the 1st slope are established. Conclusions. The inclusion of lucerne in legume-cereal grass mixture, as well as its single-use for forage purposes, compared to cereals herbage on the background without mineral nitrogen on average for the first three years of life and use increased the productivity of sown grass from 3.24–3.31 to 7,92–10.34 t/ha of dry weight, from 2.37–2.58 to 6.91–9.99 t/ha of fodder units, or 1.4–3.8 times. The most productive were agro phytocoenoses formed based on single-species sowing of lucerne and its mixtures with late-ripening meadow timothy (Phleum pratense) and intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium), as well as medium-ripe awnless brome (Bromopsis inermis) and eastern fescue (Festuca orientalis), where the share of legume component (1%) was the largest. The introduction of 1.5 t/ha of lime into pre-sowing cultivation or P45K90 annually increased the productivity of lucerne and lucerne-cereal grasses by 5–9%, and with their combined use — by 12–14%. The best distribution of yield by slopes on different fertilizer backgrounds was characterized by lucerne and lucerne-cereal herbage with a share of 1st hay crop 45–50%, 2nd — 29–31%, and 3rd — 20–25%, and unevenness 23–28%. At the formation of the yield of the 1st hay crop, the increase in productivity of sown grasslands occurred before the flowering phase of the dominant components, the largest daily increases in dry weight (66–96 kg/ha), as well as net productivity of photosynthesis (2.58–3.52 g/m2 per day) achieved during the branching-budding phase of lucerne.