Abstract
The article updates the importance of early diagnosis of speech disorders, which is crucial for successful correction and development of the child’s speech skills. The impact of speech disorders on the child’s cognitive, psychomotor, emotional development, socialization and learning is substantiated. The essence and signs of speech disorders are revealed. The main classifications of speech disorders are characterized: clinical-pedagogical and psychological-pedagogical. The essential characteristics of the main forms of speech disorders (dysphonia, bradylalia, tachylalia, stuttering (logoneurosis), dyslalia, rhinolalia, dysarthria, alalia, aphasia, dysgraphia, dyslexia) are revealed. The causes of speech disorders are outlined: genetic factors, hearing impairment, neurological disorders, psychological factors, general retardation of the child’s psychomotor or cognitive development. Modern approaches to the diagnosis of speech disorders in children based on an interdisciplinary approach. The difficulties and problems of early diagnosis of speech disorders were identified, including: individual characteristics of children’s development, lack of noticeable symptoms in the early stages, lack of qualified specialists, low level of awareness of parents, uncertainty of criteria for age norms, concomitant medical or psychological problems, fear of children during diagnosis, lack of a comprehensive approach, problems with test tools, the complexity of diagnosis in bilingual children, social and economic factors.
Published Version
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