ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНЕ ЗОНУВАННЯ ТЕРИТОРІЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ПАРКІВ – ОСНОВА ЇХНЬОЇ ПЛАНУВАЛЬНОЇ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ

Abstract

The issues of functional zoning of the territories of national natural parks of Ukraine and national parks of the world as the key problem of their territorial organization or planning are considered. In a comparative analysis, both positive phenomena and shortcomings of local and world environmental planning, primarily in recreational areas, are shown. The issue of recreational pressure within local and foreign national (natural) parks and their standards is also raised. It should be noted that the literature does not yet contain sufficiently scientifically substantiated methodological recommendations for the allocation of functional zones, their optimal areas, configurations, permissible anthropogenic (recreational) loads on parts of nature protected areas and sites. The practical experience of the creation and functioning of the Ukrainian NPP assures that the problem of planning their territory is of fundamental importance. Its practical solution is a basic prerequisite for ensuring the balanced and conflict-free functioning of these multifunctional nature protected areas. Functional zoning of the NPP territory can also be considered as a target spatial-functional model of the protected area. Accordingly, the practical activities for its protection are territorially differentiated by the allocated functional zones. It is the way to implement this model. The planning organization is based on the features of the functional zoning of national parks, as well as on the basis of the territorial configuration of the landscape sites (forest areas, systems of lakes, groups of islands, river deltas, and banks of large reservoirs). The planning organization of national parks is the functional zoning of their territory, which is conditioned by natural factors, on the basis of which different types of spatial planning structures are formed, a kind of “frames” along with the directions of natural axes taking into account the existing systems of settlement, production, transport, and engineering structures.