БИОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ РУБОК ПРОМЕЖУТОЧНОГО ПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В ОРЕХОПРОДУКТИВНЫХ ЗОНАХ КЕДРОВНИКОВ

Abstract

An increase in the production of scarce pine nuts provides for the creation of a reliable base of walnut harvesting in walnut-producing zones. A significant part of them (10.6 million hectares) does not correspond to the intended purpose and is used irrationally in the absence of documents regulating economic activity. The basis of the base being created can be cedar forest gardens of the near-settlement type, formed by intensive intermediate felling. They should contribute to the formation of the maximum volume of the female generative layer - the basis of the crop - by the age of the highest nut productivity. Bioecological features of the formation of the female generative layer depending on the lighting conditions and the age of the trees are described. It forms on the illuminated part of the crown, closer to the top, and its volume depends on the closeness and age of the trees. Female sexualization is characteristic of shoots of younger orders of branching and younger age. Older shoots and branching orders are characterized by male sexualization. After complete lightening, the female generative layer grows upward, and its volume increases. With moderate lightening, simultaneously with upward growth, branches in the lower part of the fruiting layer are reborn, and its volume changes slightly. The female generative layer is not formed in the middle and lower parts of the trunk after clarification. In clean closed 120-year-old cedar forests, narrow, 70-80% non-fruiting crowns with a highly raised fruiting layer are formed in trees. Its volume is 60-70% less than that of freely growing cedars. Clarification of trees at this age, with a decrease in the recommended fullness to 0.5, is ineffective. The female generative tier will no longer reach the biologically possible potential: in the middle and lower parts of the trunk, the branches of female sexualization are replaced by male and growth shoots. The upward expansion of the female generative layer will provide only a limited reproductive effect. Cutting operations 40 years earlier, i.e. at 80 years old, will increase the potential volume of the fruiting layer to 42-50%, and nut productivity by almost 1.5 times.rease the potential volume of the fruiting layer to 42-50%, and nut productivity by almost 1.5 times.