ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ТА ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ІНСТИТУЦІЙНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ РЕГІОНУ

Abstract

It is proven that regional innovation systems can be studied as a set of institutions whose activities are aimed at creating and spreading knowledge, technologies and innovations. On the one hand, regional innovation systems are considered as a set of organizations and enterprises that carry out activities for the creation, commercialization, promotion and diffusion of innovations, as a set of infrastructural elements that ensure innovation processes. On the other hand, regional innovation systems can be studied as a set of institutions whose activities are aimed at creating and spreading knowledge, technologies and innovations. Both approaches are related to the presence in the region of a number of factors of socio-economic development and are based on the use of the advantages of localized centers of knowledge generation, agglomeration development processes, as well as specific technological trajectories of regional development. The regional innovation system is considered as a dynamic and self-organized system. It was determined that researchers most often include density and hierarchical structure among the main characteristics of the institutional environment as a whole and the regional institutional environment. The characteristics of the institutional environment are given (multilevel, duality, component incompleteness, fragmentation, dynamism, dissipativeness). The most important functions of the rules are to provide conditions for comfortable interaction of subjects and to reduce the level of uncertainty in the decision-making situation. Reducing the level of uncertainty is a key condition for ensuring the coordinated actions of participants in innovative activities. Accordingly, the institutional environment should also ensure a reduction in the level of uncertainty in the everyday interaction of subjects of innovative activity. The current stage in our country can be called a digital singularity or the beginning of a new digital era, which indicates the need to transform the institutional environment. The digital economy is developing at an incredible speed, attracting new participants who create and develop new technologies. The digital economy institute that is being formed produces new conditions of the institutional environment, which makes it possible to highlight its new characteristics^ globality, isotropicity, boundlessness, expansion with positive acceleration, contactlessness. It has been proven that the transition to a new technological system will cause huge changes in the industrial and social spheres. The expansion of the telecommunications infrastructure, cognitive computing, expert systems, and big data technologies make it possible to model economic and social processes and directly influence them.