Исследование офтальмопатологии у лиц, пострадавших в результате радиационных инцидентов

Abstract

Aim. To investigate changes in the lens layers in individuals who have been chronically exposed to radiation over a long time. Methods. An analysis of the results of examination by an ophthalmologist in the clinical Department of the URCRM in 2018–2019 1 298 people. The examination was carried out according to a special in-depth program with photo fixation of changes in the lens. Results. An in-depth ophthalmological examination of patients affected by radiation accidents in the Ural region revealed an increase in cataract cases with increasing age, which corresponds to the trends in non-irradiated population. Initial changes in the lens were first detected in the age group from 40 to 50 years. At the age of less than 40 years, 41 people examined had no lens pathology. Changes in the cortical layers of the lens are the most common initial pathology in the development of cataract – in the age categories from 40 to 49 years and from 50 to 59, they accounted for 75 % of all types of lens opacities. Changes in the anterior lens capsule accounted for 21 % of all types of opacities, in the cortex –52 %, in the nucleus – 15 %, in the posterior capsule – 12 %. According to the intensity of lens opacities, the most frequent opacities of stages 1 and 2 were found in all layers. Changes in the lens nucleus gradually increase with age to 28–37 % in the age groups older than 70 years. The same trend is established in the increase in the intensity of yellow color in the staining of the lens. Opacity in the posterior lens nucleces capsule was found in 1 person aged 40–49 years, the greatest changes in the posterior lens capsule were observed in the oldest age group (over 80 years) – 20 % of all opacities at this age. Key words: ionizing radiation; small doses; cataract; involution processes.