Вчення платона про ідеї як конкретно-історичне розуміння істини

Abstract

The article deals with theoretical and practical prerequisites for the formation of Plato's doctrine of ideas. In particular, the vicissitudes of finding the conditions of true knowledge in his predecessors: Parmenides, Sophists, and Socrates. The Sophists believed that if there was nothing but the existing, then there was nothing wrong. Everything that existed for them was true. It has been stated that one cannot go through the process of cognition without the sensory perception of the world, but that it is not sufficient for true knowledge. True knowledge is not given directly to the senses, because in the latter any content finds its place. Socrates, in defending the objectivity of truth shared by all, tried to find it in his mind. But if everyone will seek the truth in his mind, then it is unknown - he will find the truth there in common, one for all, or again each his own, subjective. It has been found that bringing ideas as spiritual entities outside the world of material things in Plato's teaching is necessitated by the necessity of ensuring the constancy of the object of truth, since directing cognitive efforts to flow things, as was the case with the Sophists, or to search for truth in the mind, what Socrates called for led to the relativization of truth, and hence to its subjective understanding. He understood that in order for truth to be one thing in common for all, it was necessary for its object to be a constant formation. With this formation, he recognized the ideas and placed them in a separate world, a world detached from material things. It is substantiated that Plato's doctrine of ideas is a concrete-historical form of understanding the truth. Plato's ideas and their role in knowing the truth are a significant breakthrough in the intellectual life of the time, but being transmitted beyond, they do not fully explain the cognitive process, and therefore are a historically limited understanding of truth. Like all previous philosophy, Plato's philosophy is valuable in that its study and analysis help a person to form theoretical thinking, thinking in concepts.