ДО ПИТАННЯ ІСТОРІЇ ВИНИКНЕННЯ ТА ЕВОЛЮЦІЇ ВИГІННОЇ СИСТЕМИ ЗЕМЛЕРОБСТВА

Abstract

Summary The purpose of the research is to make a comprehensive historical-scientific analysis of the process of formation of the scientific and practical foundations of the cropping (multi-field-grass) system of agriculture, to find out the prerequisites for its emergence and to establish the patterns of development of its components. The research methods are historical-scientific, dialectical-logical, bibliographic-statistical, problem-chronological, which contributed to the comprehensive analysis of the research subject, which is based on the principles of multifactoriality, comprehensiveness, historicism and scientific objectivity of knowledge. Research results. Many years of research by scientists of the Bilotserki National University convincingly proved that the very low productivity of cattle breeding due to the constant shortage of fodder, and of low quality, and an excessively large share of steam (usually 1/3-1/2 of the entire area of arable land) under the steam farming system were the main reasons the emergence of a fallow (multi-field-grass) system of agriculture on the territory of Ukraine. In the estates of the nobles of the Black Earth belt, this system often arose from virgin or fallow land as a transitional form from primitive to interactive farming systems. Conclusion. It was noted that the yield system was gradually transformed into an improved grain crop by reducing the share of the area under perennial grasses and the growth under grain crops. The improved grain system, in turn, is transformed into a crop rotation (grain-grass rowing system) by replacing clean pairs with busy ones, as well as introducing row crops into crop rotations. Analyzing the data, it can be stated that in Ukraine, the no-till farming system was not very widespread in its pure form, but its individual components (multi-pollinated - grass, soil protection, fodder crop rotations) are successfully used even today in combination with crop rotations of other systems. V.O. is deservedly considered a pioneer of experimental field grass seeding and the creator of an improved grain system with a four-field crop rotation. Levshina, and the founders of field grass sowing on a large economic scale were D.M. Poltoratskyi and I.I.Samarin. Key words: evolution, system of farming (agriculture), crop rotation, culture, steam, tillage, soil, fertility, fertilizers.