ОТКЛОНЕНИЯ ОТ ЛИТЕРАТУРНОЙ НОРМЫ ЯЗЫКА КАК ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА ПЕРЕВОДА

Abstract

To create vivid speech portrayals of the characters, British and American authors often use deviations from the norms of literary language at different levels. The article compares Russian translations of such works of fiction made at the end of the 19th century and the very beginning of the 20th century with those produced a hundred years later. Analysis has shown that formerly translators did not use to pay attention to language norms and deviations from them, but with the development of national literary culture, translation theory and practice, the situation has changed. Nowadays most deviations are successfully reproduced in translation by analogous violations of the norms at the same level as in the original, a notable exception being territorial and socio-ethnic dialects that have no equivalents in other languages and translators have to resort to vertical compensation of their phonetic features, usually by making use of the lexical resources of the translating language. Thus, vocabulary proves to be the most comprehensive and universal resource for reproducing violations of literary norms not only on the lexical level itself, but also on other levels of language. The appropriate use of vocabulary, however, requires on the part of the translator a particularly high literary culture, language skill and linguistic flair.