Анализ современного состояния производства моркови столовой в Российской Федерации

Abstract

Vegetable growing is one of the leading branches of agriculture. More than 600 types of vegetables are cultivated in world agriculture, about 80 types - in Russia. To solve the food problem, it is necessary to increase vegetable production in the near future. In the Russian Federation, production of garden carrots and other vegetables is directed primarily to meet population demands. In the Krasnodar Territory, sown areas are on the increase from year to year, reaching the value of 2.8-2.5 thousand hectares. Thus, they increased by 0.7 and 0.5 thousand ha in Volgograd and Voronezh regions, respectively. In 2021, high yields of carrots were harvested in the whole country (41.53 t/ha), and in agricultural enterprises (33.4 t/ha). High productivity of carrots (32.03 t/ha) was recorded in the Siberian Federal District of Russia. High-yielding and resistant carrot cultivars and hybrids of Russian breeding were identified for commercial production: F1 Altair, F1 Tavrida, F1 Krasnogorye, cv. Korsar. More than 80% of the total carrot production in the Russian Federation is concentrated in the Southern, Volga and Central Federal Districts. In Russia, sufficient amounts of carrots are produced to fully provide the population and even partially export vegetables abroad. Regional carrot yields were as follows: 93.99 t in Moscow region, 55.79 t in Samara region, 44.61 t in Republic of Dagestan, 41.59 t in Krasnodar Territory, 38.51 t in Novgorod region, 31.45 t in Nizhny Novgorod region, 30.99 t in Rostov region, 27.92 t in Republic of Tatarstan, 25.63 t in Republic of Crimea, 24.26 t in Voronezh region. In order to reduce prices for carrots, it is necessary to completely abandon imports and ensure year-round supplies of our own products. It requires modernization of vegetable storehouses and improvement of storage technologies.