Породный состав и пространственное размещение мясного скотоводства в России

Abstract

The intensity of substitution of dairy cattle by beef cattle for the most regions of Russia mainly depended on the achieved productivity level of dairy cattle breeds. The higher the level of intensification at dairy cattle breeding, the lower the meat potential of the industry, because of decreasing of cows’ reproduction ability and the duration of theirs economic use. The problem of beef supply the country’s population is aggravated by the lack of expanded reproduction at the most numerous livestock populations of dairy productivity. In 2022, the natural decline (the excess of retired cows over the number of reared and calved heifers) of Holstein breed (51.3% of cattle livestock at Russia) was - 2.4%. Over the last year, beef production per capita at dairy cattle decreased by 4.6% and amounted to only 9.3 kg and 1.8 kg at beef cattle. Beef consumption reached 12.7 kg per person per year, taking into account the export-import balance, with a rational consumption rate of 20 kg. In order to meet the paid demand for beef and, as a result, to solve the problem of import substitution for this type of meat, it is necessary to increase the number of specialized meat breeds of cattle by 2.1 times, that is, by more than 1.2 million cows. For the fully providing with domestic beef to the population of our country according to nutrition standards, the livestock should increase by 6.7 times (with the existing meat productivity). The results of the latest bonification of beef cattle in Russia demonstrates that this aim will be impossible in the next decade with using only the internal resources of the country.