Стан і перспективи виробництва яблук у сировинних садах України

Abstract

Canneries of Ukraine process 80-90 % of apples from the total volume of all fruit raw materials. Until recently, mainly fruits of the 3rd commercial grade, non-standard and unsuitable for storage, were used for processing. Today, in connection with the renewal and modernization of the canning industry, increasing requirements for the quality and safety of canned goods, raw materials with the specified quality parameters, which are indicated in the current DSTU 7075: 2009. Fresh apples for industrial processing, should be subject to industrial processing. The need for high-quality raw materials necessitates the creation of raw material gardens, which will be established in special raw material zones of specialized processing enterprises, using specially selected varieties for a certain assortment of canned goods. Scientists have substantiated that the best zones for locating such enterprises are Lisosteppe and Polissia, namely: Vinnytsia, Cherkasy, Chernivtsi and Zakarpattia regions, where large processing plants are located. According to the results of many years of research, domestic scientists have selected a number of apple varieties of intensive type with high technological qualities of fruits. Among them, for the production of raw materials that will satisfy the requirements of the canning industry, those that have a high level of manifestation of economic and valuable characteristics and in intensive gardens ensure the profitability of production are recommended. Until now, no models of raw apple orchards have been developed that could be recommended for farms that differ in size and form of ownership, the technology of growing such plantations that would ensure their rapid fertility, annual and high yield, high economic efficiency of production and processing has not been substantiated quality fruits. The solution of this urgent issue is timely, it will have theoretical significance and practical value for the field of horticulture and processing industry. Key words: apples, raw materials, quality, variety, production, processing, orchard, economic efficiency.