Экологические аспекты инициирующих взрывчатых веществ и перспективы их совершенствования

Abstract

The main primers in the mining industry are blasting caps with highly toxic energy-intensive priming materials based on lead compounds. Unfortunately, behind the detailed complexity of modern approaches to calculate the environmental damage, it is rather difficult to assess the specific indicators of lead emissions from the blasting caps, therefore, an alternative option is presented, which allows to demonstrate a more explicit equivalent of the negative consequences. Analysis of statistical data on production and consumption of lead-containing primers indicates their significant contribution to the total and annually increasing pollution of the environment with lead, emphasizing the need to seek alternative energy-intensive priming materials. The current stage of global engineering and technological development has witnessed alternative primers already introduced into production and use, but still somewhat controversial in terms of some performance specifications and manufacturing technologies, which are utilizing new compounds that do not contain heavy metals. They are also based on fundamentally new methods of blast initiation in energy-intensive materials, in particular, using the effects of radiation from optical quantum generators (lasers). The combination of the presented environmental factors and scientific and technological achievements point to the need to intensify domestic research and development to replace highly toxic primers.